A Brief History of the italian Pizza Oven Wood-fired brick ovens and pizza have been with us since the dawn of civilization. Both have been discovered in the excavations of virtually every ancient civilization, with the brick oven reaching its modern form in ancient Rome. The brick ovens uncovered in ancient Pompeii are in wonderful shape, and could start baking today with only minor renovations. The shops themselves resembled modern pizzerias, with granite counters, and a salad bar featuring both hot and cold foods and drinks to accompany the pizza. It makes you think there is little new under the sun.
Medieval brick ovens can be found throughout Europe, often with little variation from the original Roman round, domed oven chamber and front vent design. In northern Europe the ovens tended to be larger and the properly of the local Lord -- who owned both the oven and the heat inside it, and would charge the serfs for baking their bread. In Italy, where the feudal system took a less firm grip, the ovens tended to be owned by individual families and were smaller -- which is the foundation for Italy's modern pizza oven industry. Round ovens built from brick, and even local stone, have been built in Italy seemingly forever. Virtually every Tuscan farmhouse has, or had, an original brick or stone oven.
The different cooking requirements between a commercial bakery and pizzeria or homeowner created a split in brick oven design in the 18th century. The French, or Scottish, oven, features a low barrel vault, rectangular footprint and separate firing chamber. These ovens are efficient at cooking large volumes of bread, and are still used throughout Europe.
Prefabricated ovens and stoves were created in Victorian England during the
industrial revolution, and signaled the use of metal for oven construction -- a development we are still recovering from. The prefabricated refractory pizza oven was created in Italy around the turn of the century.
The prefabricated oven took off in Italy in the 1970s, with a renaissance of brick oven cooking. Following the modernization of Italy in the aftermath of the second world war, and acceptance of the electric "American Oven", a large number of families began rediscovering the pleasure of wood-fired cooking and the recipes and techniques that their grandparents passed down to them.
The final development in pizza oven design appeared in the 1990s, with the creation of modern refractory materials. These high-tech composites reduce oven heat-up time from 2-3 hours to about 45 minutes and have excellent heat holding characteristics. The modular "oven kit" design also makes installation faster, easier and less expensive. In Italy today, the modular oven design is the most popular for both home-owners and restaurants -- by a large margin.
For the home-owner and restaurant owner, whether you are in the U.S., Britain, Europe or Asia, these wonderful ovens give you the opportunity to enjoy one of the finest cooking experiences in the world.
About the Author
James Bairey, a former Silicon Valley marketing executive, is CEO of Forno Bravo, LLC, a supplier of Italian Wood-Fired Pizza Ovens and Brick Pizza Ovens and Italian Pizza Ingredients for home owners and restaurants.
